A Season Of Protest
Fishermen And Coastal Communities Rally To Insure A Say In
Their Future.
Alex MacIntosh of Yarmouth is not a fishermen but he was one
of the people who came to Halifax on February 15 to protest
the changes being implemented in the East Coast fishery. On
that cold, overcast day he stood shoulder to shoulder with
nearly 3000 other fishermen and supporters to send a message
to DFO. Their message which could be heard in their shouts
and chants throughout Halifax's downtown core was simple and
clear, "Hey, Hey, Where the hell we going to go. Say no to
DFO."
Alex MacIntosh made the trip by bus with 50 others from the
Yarmouth area. He explains that he was there because this
was not an issue just for fishermen but one that concerns
everyone in Nova Scotia's coastal communities.
"I live in a fishing community. the fishery supports the
entire business community. I have seen the downturn and the
unemployment. If the fishery doesn't survive, Southwest Nova
doesn't survive," he says. He goes on to say, "I don't like to see what is going on.
People are being pushed into corners."
The Halifax march was a highlight of a protest that started
in Barrington Passage on February 7 when a group of fishermen
occupied DFO office and refused to leave until their
grievances were resolved. That single protest soon expanded
as fears and frustrations of thousands of fishermen and their
families boiled over. By March 2 a total of 10 DFO offices
had been occupied in communities like Yarmouth, Antigonish,
Digby, Meteghan, Sydney, Bridgewater and others.
Why did these protests take off so quickly and why at this
time? Ronnie Newell, of the Southwest Fishermen's Rights
Association, and the leader of the Barrington Passage sit in,
said at a news conference on February 12 that, "Fishermen
have been targeted for elimination of their livelihood. They
are going through a lot of stress and frustration, they are
confused, they're scared."
Herb Nash, an inshore fishermen and member of the Maritime
Fishermen's Union from Cape Breton reinforces this when he
explains that, "During the past two years DFO has been
pushing 8 to 10 different demands. Before you could deal
with one they would throw another one at us. Finally I
believe everyone said 'We're not going to take it anymore.'"
The things DFO were throwing at fishermen and coastal
communities were massive fee increases for fishing licenses,
the elimination of Handline fishermen from the core fishery,
the introduction of Individual Transferrable Quotas, a new
Fisheries Act, and a new Oceans Act.
The opposition to these changes was wide spread and by the
time the month long protests were finished 21 fishermen's
groups, representing over 2700 fishermen had banded together
in an alliance to fight DFO.
The alliance is now being hailed as an historic step forward
for Nova Scotia fishermen. Herb Nash says, "When 21 groups
stayed on side and were united DFO realized that there were
two many of us and we weren't going to go away." For many the issue at stake was nothing less then the
survival of the inshore fishery.
John Kearney, of the Fundy North Shore Fishermen's
Association, was one of those who worked with the alliance and
met with DFO. At a news conference on February 12 he summed
up the concerns and fears of the protesters when he said,
"The future of the inshore fishermen depends on these key
demands. If we don't have this there will be no inshore
fishery, or if there is we will be the serfs of the sealords
of DFO and the corporations."
As the protests spread to more and more DFO offices there
wan continue to build. Ida Berry from Pinkney's Point in Yarmounth County is the wife
of a deck hand and she was also one of those at the big
protest march in Halifax on February 15. She said she was
there for one simple reason, "We are just trying to make an
honest living and we want a better tomorrow."
This past winter could be called the season of protest. It
is not often in the history of a community, in this case the
fishing community, that a strong common purpose moves and
unites people to take action and fight for what they believe
in. These past two months in Nova Scotia have brought
together an alliance of communities and fishing interests
like never before. Those who have seen their marches, sit
ins, demonstrations and marathon meetings with DFO results in
changes and promises of more change, can only now know what
the power of a strong and united voice can achieve.
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Communities Take A Closer Look At Their Coastal Resources
Coastal Resource Mapping Projects Are Underway All Over
Nova Scotia.
What Are They And What Will The Benefits Be?
From Cape Breton to the South Shore communities throughout Nova Scotia are setting up projects to map the resources they have along their coastlines.
In a province surrounded by water and with an economy so dependent on
the sea you might think that Nova Scotians have already documented what
coastal resources exist and where they are located. That is not the case
and that is exactly why community groups are now in the process of mapping everything along their coasts. Everything from shellfish resources, like lobster bottom and clam flats to marine resources like spawning areas and eel pots to culture and tourist sites like bird-watching areas.
Eight mapping projects are already underway with three of them completed. Another three projects are being proposed. With so many projects underway and so much data being collected questions are arising about the usefulness of the information and what happens after the mapping is completed.
What is Coastal Resource Mapping and how is it done? This month we visit with some of the communities involved and looked at the history and purpose of coastal resource mapping.
The push to map Nova Scotia's coastal resources really got started in
1993. That's when the Shelburne County Marine Industry Advisory Committee (SCMIAC) put together a project to map the resources along the coastline of Shelburne County on Nova Scotia's South Shore.
Charlene Harris, of the SCMIAC, explains that in 1993 a sub-committee
of the Community Futures Committee in Shelburne County was set up to look at marine industries. That committee evolved into SCMIAC, an organization that represents all marine sectors in Shelburne County's economy. One of the first things the committee set out to do is find out what they had in terms of resources. As Harris explains, "The easiest way to do that would be to plot our resources on maps."
The committee then developed the idea of coastal resource mapping. The project was designed to map all of the coastal resources up to one kilometer inland and out to thirty meters water depth.
This type of project had never been undertaken before and many were
skeptical it would work. Especially sense the proposal called for the work to be done locally. There would be no big bureaucracy, completed science or slow government approach. Local citizens would do it themselves. "They told us we were crazy. They said we couldn't do it." says Harris.
Despite the skepticism the committee moved ahead and hired a project
manager and field workers. Denise was hired as that project manager.
Today McCullough as moved on from the Shelburne project and has taken
on responsibility for coordinating all of the coastal resource mapping
projects in Nova Scotia on behalf of DFO.
The Department of Fisheries and Oceans became involved in community
based coastal mapping early in 1993 when it formed a partnership with Shelburne County Marine Industry Advisory Committee(SCMIAC).
DFO was impressed with this committee because it had recognized the
need to identify the community's coastal resources in order to effectively plan their community and economic future. This resource information provides the data required for responsible development, while protecting sensitive aquatic ecosystems. The SCMIAC had also recognized that community based coastal resource information is the first step towards coastal zone management.
Since the completion of the Shelburne Project, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, through its Habitat Action Plan (HAP), has allocated resources and technical support to other coastal communities for these types of projects throughout the Maritimes Region. Since the inception of HAP in the late 1993, projects have been completed in Guysborough County, Louisbourg, and Charlotte County, N.B. Projects are scheduled to be completed by March 1996 in Halifax County, Richmond County, the Bras-d'Or Lakes and the remainder of Cape Breton County.
Denise McCullough says, "DFO was lucky enough to pick up on community momentum." One of the biggest problems associated with this type of project is finding out what resources exist and where they are located. McCullough explains, "This type of information doesn't exist at the government level because there was never a need for it." And, as every community that has undertaken community resource mapping has learned, you need the help and input of everyone in the community. Charlene Harris says, "The whole process is about getting the community involved."
Denise McCullough reinforces this, "In the beginning you have to
sell the idea to the community. Once they see the project people realize
that they would use it to help make their own decisions." Utilizing filed workers who go out and walk the coastline and interview local residents the information required is pulled together bit by bit.
In Glace Bay, where the Eastern Cape Breton Coastal Resources Mapping
Project is being coordinated, field workers have spent the last 5 months
scouring the coast. Charlene Matheson is one of the Glace Bay field workers. She has been hired to work on the project through TAGS. Prior to this she spent 17 years working in a fish plant. Despite the cold weather and rugged coastline she says, "I love it. I get to see things you wouldn't get to see."
McCullough confirms the hard work put in by field workers when she says,
"You collect information on car hoods, wharves, kitchen tables, community meetings, wherever. It is critical to get as much input as possible." David Clarke, an environmental technologist, is the coordinator of the Glace Bay project. He explains that it will map a 250 km. piece of coast from Catalone Gut to the Cape Breton Victoria County line. Clarke also explains that this project like most others in the province is funded by DFO, Human Resources Development Canada, and Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency.
Although every community has unique resources that it may want to map,
for example ship-wrecks Bake Apple bogs, certain standards have been put
in place to ensure consistency throughout the province. Symbols used on
maps to depict resources are standardized. All maps are also done on a
1:10,000 scale. And all of the maps will be digitized and stored for easy access.
It is clear from the people working on these projects that it is the
community involvement that has been the key to success. Many point out
that if government tried to do these types of projects it would be too
expensive and the community cooperation would not be there.
As Carlo Lunn of the Louisbourg and area Coastal Resource Mapping Project explains, "We really emphasized community input. We had open houses. We invited people to see how the project had progressed and where the information had gone."
And just what will communities use all of this information for once
they have it? The answer to that depends on who you talk to about the projects. It is evident that some communities are making more extensive use of the information collected than others.
Chris Milley, Coordinator of the Bras d'Or Mapping Project, which was
undertaken by the Eskasoni Fish, Game and Wildlife Commission, sees his
project as a big part of moving towards co-management of resources in the future. Co-management would see communities take over responsibility for fish, wildlife and resource management. In this case in the Bras d'Or Lakes.
Milley says, "A significant part of co-management is that community
institutions have a capacity to handle and manage information. You have
to be able to collect and analyze information and resources. In the past
this office would carry out work and pass it on to DFO. Now the office
stores the information and utilizes it." This local utilization of
information is a big part of coastal resource mapping. Milley explains,
"Instead of people here phoning Halifax, they can call us. These projects really make communities a player in co-management."
Charlene Harris believes the Shelburne County mapping project has been successful because there was a clear vision of what was needed and why it was being done. She says, "A community group developed the idea.
It wasn't something dumped on us by government."
Chris Milley agrees that Shelburne is a good example of how a community
should approach these projects. He says, " The usefulness of these
projects varies from community to community. In Shelburne the whole project has helped to get the community involved. It has become a focal activity. That is important."
There has been criticism of the coastal resource mapping projects in
some communities as 'make work projects'. Denise McCullough says, "These projects are just aren't done as make work projects. They are made to be used."
She goes on to give examples where the maps will be useful. She cites
aquaculture, oil spill response plans, tourism, protection of endangered
species and environmental studies. Brenda Martell of the Richmond County County Mapping Project points out that her group in co-operation will Development Isle Madame is already looking ahead to Phase Two. In that phase she hopes to see business and development opportunities created from the information collected. Things like bird sanctuaries, ship wreck diving, guided fishing expeditions, and berry farming are all possibilities.
In Guysborough County, which was the second area of Nova Scotia to be
mapped, Mobil Oil has seen the benefit of the information collected. Mobil has a particular interest in the Country Harbour area for some of it's operations and the work done by the mapping project has proved very beneficial. Mobil is so impressed with the information collected it is helping to fund other projects including a resource centre. Denise McCullough sees this as proof that these projects are of benefit to the private sector.
While there is no long term strategic use yet developed for the Louisbourg and area coastal maps, Carlo Lunn explains, "There use is limited to identifying, in general terms, the location and size of a particular resource. These projects were never designed to be more than reference tools. But as such the provide a wealth of information."
The SCMIAC is about 95% completed with work on its strategic plan for
marine industries. Shelburne is also using the information gathered to put together resource and promotional materials. For example, a brochure promoting local beaches is being developed.
The ultimate goal of some groups doing these mapping projects is to
put together a coastal zone management plan. Harris says, "This will require the cooperation of three levels of government, industry and the community." In the case of Shelburne County they hope to have a coastal zone management plan completed by 1999.
Most of the coastal resource mapping projects underway will wrap up on March
31 and Denise McCullough says the plan is to have the entire provincial
coastline done by 1997. In a province so influenced by the sea it now
appears that many coastal communities will for the first time, have
a solid understanding of their coastal resources thanks to these mapping
projects. The challenge ahead is to use this wealth of information to
the greatest possible benefit.
For more information on Coastal Resource Mapping contact:
Denise McCullough
Phone: (902) 426 4274
Fax: (902) 426 1489
Exploring Alternative Opportunities For Small Business And Job Creation
Halifax County RDA Holds Coastal Opportunities Expo.
What types of opportunities for small business and job creation really exist in Nova Scotia's coastal communities? Is it realistic to think that there are ways to create new jobs and new businesses?
On January 26th the Halifax County Regional Development Agency (HCRDC) organized it's first Coastal Opportunities Expo to explore those very questions. Held at the Chezzetcook Fire Hall, the day long event brought together about 75 people from small coastal communities in Halifax County. Those attending took part in workshops and discussions on topics ranging from tourism to aquaculture.
With the disappearance of groundfish many coastal communities are facing
declining local economies. And Halifax County is no exception. many fishermen and others are looking for ways to supplement their incomes or create new jobs. Norma Richardson, a TAGS Outreach Worker with the HCRDA said, "This Expo is about keeping our coastal communities alive. It helps to show that there are opportunities."
The HCRDA mailed letters to all fishermen and advertised the event on T.V. and on radio to attract as many people as possible. Joanne Fewer, Development Officer, explains that the HCRDA has looked at its role
in helping communities address the fishery downturn. She says, "We decided our focus would be opportunities rather than general fishery issues." She goes on to say, "We want to help show opportunities so people don't have to move away. They can use the skills they have and work here."
Throughout the day participants listened to presentations and then split into smaller groups to discuss ideas and examine opportunities in their communities. These opportunities ranged from tourism to small service businesses to aquaculture and alternative fisheries.
Lionel Young, of West Dover, was one of the fishermen attending. "I'm here to find out information on aquaculture, tourism and charter boats. I have found it useful." Young who is like any other fishermen, is faced with a difficult task of reluctantly finding another line of employment. He says, "I'd like to stay in the fishery if I could. Fishing is in the blood."
Frank Stevens, another fishermen at the Expo explains that many people don't know where to turn. "I came today to get some ideas. I honestly don't know what the solution is going to be." It is this type of concern for the future and confusion being expressed that makes events like this important. They may not offer specific answers but they get people thinking, talking about ideas and sharing positive experiences.
Wayne Edgar, of the Coastal Communities Network, attended the Expo and commented, "It is important to expose people to opportunities. It provides a chance for people to come together and think about what could work."
Joanne Fewer and the HCRDA will use the information coming out of these sessions in the development of a strategic plan for Halifax County. That plan will set the direction for economic development and job creation.
Norma Richardson remains cautiously optimistic about the future of coastal communities. She says, "Just because some prime resources are no longer there doesn't mean there aren't other things that can be done."
This event, which was open to everyone, marked the first time the HCRDA had
taken this type of activity for coastal communities. It will not be
the last though as there are plans to have follow up sessions. Those
sessions will look at topics like non-traditional fisheries, aquaculture,
and eco-tourism.
Association Promotes World Class Salt-water Sport Fishing And Charter Boat Industry
The Nova Scotia Salt-water Sport Fishing & Charter Boat Association (NSSSCA) was formed in 1993 to upgrade the professionalism of the emerging salt-water sport fishing industry in Nova and to provide advice to government on the industry and its developing regulations. It's membership is comprised of recreational salt-water sport fishermen and salt-water charter boat operators with a common interest in the sustainable utilization of the ocean resources. The NSSSCA operates under the following mandate; "The NSSSCA develops and promotes a world class sport fishing and charter boat industry through sustainable utilization of the resource. The NSSSCA promotes catch and release."
The objectives of the NSSSCA are to develop, implement and maintain industry standards; to foster fair practices and relationships with other user groups within the charter boat industry and salt-water sport fishery; to represent its members at all levels of government to ensure both a sustainable and viable charter boat industry and recreational sport fishery in Nova Scotia; to promote "Nova Scotia as a salt-water sport fishing destination"; to develop new strategies so that our members may better use the resources of the fishery in a conservation minded fashion; and to strive for a catch & release program for all species, not only for conservation measures but for the economy that comes with a viable, attractive salt-water sport fishery.
In furthering these objectives the NSSSCA has hired a full time co-ordinator to build a strong organization and help develop the charter boat industry to a world class standard. In addition, the NSSSCA operates a 1-800# (1-800-499-fish) phone referral system for its Charter Boat members, with the number advertised in several Nova Scotia Tourism and sport fishing publications marketing Nova Scotia as a salt-water sport fishing destination. By calling this service with their plans, visitors can get information on the services available through the NSSSCA's members and will be referred to the member(s) who can best complement their trip to Nova Scotia.
For further information on the NSSSCA or for information on Saltwater Sport Fishing & Charter Boat Operators in Nova Scotia call:
1-800-499-FISH (3474) or write to:
NSSSCA, P.O. Box 25139,
Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada, B3M 4H
Moonlighting Turned Into Career For Former Fish Plant Worker
TAGS Helps To Develop Skills And Learn A New Trade.
by Trudy Fong
When fish plant worker Sheldon Hancock was temporarily laid off a few summers ago, he started to think what he would do if the fish plant closed for good. Hancock decided to develop his skills and learn a new trade.
Counsellor Janet Steele, of the Atlantic Groundfish Strategy, or TAGS, points out that one of the big obstacles that fishers face is their lack of experience in other lines of work. During TAGS career counselling, clients are encouraged to explore their skills and the possibility of transferring them to another line of work.
To make extra money for his young family, Hancock used to moonlight by helping his father-in-law to install flooring. He decided to turn his moonlighting into a full-time pursuit. He was sent to a community college in Dartmouth to pursue a course in floor covering installation. Hancock graduated at the top of his class. His next step was taking a course in small business management which is available to TAGS clients who want to consider going into business for themselves.
The course covered pitfalls of business in a hypothetical way, says Hancock. Because of this, "I was able to learn a lot of ups and downs before I actually had to deal with them on my own. He also learned how to project a professional image, produce brochures and business cards and promote himself. Hancock has been in business since mid-June, 1995.
"I want to be known for good quality work." His emphasis on quality workmanship
has gained him more clients.
Community Radio Still On The Air!
After Five Years And A Lot Of Hard Work, Community Radio Continues To Survive In Nova Scotia.
As you drive along Nova Scotia's Acadian Shore from Church Point to Pubnico be sure to tune your radio to 104.1 FM, Radio CIFA. What you will hear is the sound of a true community radio station. No high tech, corporate programming here.
Over 11 years ago a group of teachers from Nova Scotia's Acadian communities, along the Bay of Fundy, got together to discuss the need for a local French language radio station. They believed that a community owned and operated radio station would be an important step to promote the French language and unite their community. For five years that group of local teachers and citizens worked to put that project together. They met twice a week, every week. They designed programming, located equipment and found a site to house the radio station. They organized presentations to the CRTC, attended hearings and raised funds. Finally in September of 1990 Radio CIFA went on the air.
Throughout the past 5 years CIFA has been broadcasting music and local information. It has also enjoyed wide community support. A recent survey showed that 73% of the French community listened to CIFA. That is about 7000 people. But that high level of community support did not mean it was easy to keep the station operating. In fact for a couple of years it looked like CIFA would fold up.
Yvon Thibault, President of CIFA since February 1995, explains that when he took over, CIFA was $60,000 in debt and its future looked bleak. But he believes that the community was not prepared to see CIFA fail. So with a team of between 40 and 60 volunteers, Yvon and his 13 member board of directors started selling raffle tickets, holding community suppers and concerts, whatever they could think of to raise money.
Yvon says, "Everyone pitched in." The society which runs CIFA also brought in a consultant from the Alliance of Community Radio to study their operation. The consultant confirmed what they knew. There was a big audience listening. Why then were revenues so low? For most of its existence CIFA had developed largely on government grants to survive. As the government funds grew less and the expenses increased CIFA became troubled.
Thibault says, "This has now changed." CIFA has undertaken a massive membership campaign. Last fall alone over $12,000 was raised and already a 1996 campaign is underway. Advertising sales are also way up. One hundred and fifty two advertisers have signed on in the past year. Thibault credits the increased advertising to the fact that CIFA is now on the air more hours each day.
"Up until last August we were only on the air in the afternoons. Now we go on the air at 7:00 a.m. People are happy we are on the air longer," says Thibault.
With a skeleton staff of three a dedicated group of volunteers CIFA broadcasts from a station located in an old schoolhouse in Comeauville, owned by the Municipality of Clare. The space was donated but CIFA pays for its heat and lights.
When you switch on CIFA you will hear local Acadian, Cajun, Bluegrass, Rock and Folk music along with community announcements, weather, news, and sports. The station is heard by people all over the Western end of Nova Scotia. Every morning Yvon Thibault takes his turn in the broadcast booth. At 7:00 a.m. he signs on with his regular morning show.
"I love doing this," he says. Thibault also loves the way the community has rallied to save CIFA. "It is a real community radio station." As an example he points to a recent Christmas play held in the community. It raised $1,500. All of it was donated to CIFA.
With its mandate to educate and promote the local language, CIFA has become an example of what a community can do when faced with a unique need.
For more information on Radio CIFA call: (902) 769-2432
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Nova Scotia Tourism Threatened By The Demise Of The Inshore Fishery
A Tourism Industry Insider Looks At The Connection Between
Tourism And The Fishery.
by Lynnne Perry
Executive Director of the South Shore Tourism Association
Last July I had the fun task of driving a television crew
from Iceland around Lunenburg County for the day. They
wanted a feel of what Nova Scotia has to offer visitors for a
special television program on the province to be aired in
Iceland this winter. As the day progressed it became
apparent to me that they wanted scenic little nooks and
crannies that show our lifestyle, so I meandered along the
narrow dirt roads of Stonehurst and found exactly what they
were looking for. A little hidden jetty with its slipway
and a brightly coloured boat in the fishermens backyard
proved to be the photogenic gem of the day.
As I was sitting in the van, I was reminded of a time a
couple years earlier, when a photographer with the National
Geographic demonstration a similar excitement of his finds
along the shore for a hard cover edition called "Canada's
Incredibile Coasts. I also remember driving a chap with the
Society of North American Travel Writers from Shelburne to
White Point. In a rush to get to the resort, I was hurrying
through Hunt's Point when the photo journalist screamed "stop",
just as a boat rounded the breakwater with gulls trailing it.
The shot of the beach, the wharf, the boats and the birds became
the black and white photo that showed up in news papers all across
the USA. The big question we need to ask is "Will this picture be happening a few years from now?"
We have had a real inshore fishery industry that has been
sustainable along our Atlantic Coast for nearly five hundred
years. It is in a perilous condition but it is both
salvageable and can be sustainable again provided we all
take great care to learn from the mistakes from the last few
years. From Advocate to Cheticamp, Canso, Digby, and Clarks
Harbour-all around the province, even Peggy's Cove, we have
examples of a life style in harmony with the sea. Many of
our visitors explore our shoreline, and find those special
places like Blue Rocks, Sanford, Long Cove, and Daniel's Head
on Cape Sable Island, to name a few of the dozens of tiny
villages that dot our coast. As time goes on, it is certain
as it has been in the past, that many will cease to exist but
some must be saved as working ports-some fish quota must be
left for them. As it is around the world, from Twian to
Greece, the fishers and the tourists mingle and so it is here
and must continue to be.
We, in the tourism industry, need to fight for the retention
of this "coast of culture" and the small, brightly colored
boats, like we did for the "Bluenose II". We should remember
that this "tall ship" too was once a fishing schooner. The
"hook and line", small boat fishery, (especially the
dayboats), is probably the most threatened. For us it is an
extremely important component in the overall package that we
offer our guests. The inshore fishery is so tied to our
culture everywhere in rural Nova Scotia that it just may be
our very best selling point. The hardy fishermen with their
yarns and their age old skills are the essence of the "spirit
of the sea".
It is true that our N.S. fishery is in trouble but our
tourism industry is not yet in trouble because of the crisis
in the fishery; however, we in tourism have done little to
express our concerns. These two industries are intertwined
in Nova Scotia and the demise of one may threaten the future
of the other.
As we move towards a "back to nature product" and eco-tourism
ways, we would do well as an industry to endorse sustainable
practices all around us-be they in our own operations, in the
ocean that surrounds us, the forests and the woodlands as
well as the farms.
In the hospitality industry, let us be ever cognizant that
the infrastructure that is in place when a visitor arrives,
is here because that operation is part of the community during
the entire year. Small business is dependent on local
support to remain in existence. It is viable with both
resident and visitor support. This is where the fishermen
and the fish plant workers and their families come in they
put millions of dollars annually into the local economy and
without this money, restaurants, service stations and shops
could not "make a go of it". Tourism is not a replacement
industry. Tourism in Atlantic Canada is actually dependent,
to a large extent, upon the fishing industry. The entire
culture of the area is tied to the sea and the people who live
by the sea and from the sea. For decades our industry has
been built around this reality, with the key word being
"reality". As tourism operators we need to be part of
the "reality check" and as small business owners we need to
support other small business owners-our local fishermen.
We do have an opportunity to assist in the development of a
saltwater sportfishery to help diversify the inshore fishery.
This could be successful for both the tourism operator and
the boat owner alike but at the present time the tourism
industry is not very visible at the table, in what could be a
"win " situation.
There is an opportunity here for a stronger partnership and we, in tourism,
can lend marketing support and expertise with promotions. More people
work in the hospitality industry in Nova Scotia than in any other industry.
As a "people" industry we touch all other industries and every aspect
of Nova Scotian culture. Last year (1994), it is estimated that travellers
spent nearly nine hundred million dollars in this province, an infusion
of money that has had a positive economic impact upon the entire province.
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Literacy Project Opens Doors To Learning
You Are Invited To Be Part Of Creating A Learning Resource
Tool Kit.
During her ten years of involvement in literacy and tutoring
in Inverness County, Francene Gillis has learned a lot about
the needs of adult learners. Today Gillis is putting what
she and others have learned to use on a project that will go
the extra step in helping those with literacy problems to
find out what resources and opportunities are out there to
help them. Gillis has noticed that many adult learners, even
those that are very literate just don't know what is
available out there to help them.
Gillis is Project Manager of Open Doors, a project designed
to research, develop and create learning tools and resources
which can be used by adult learners and anyone else who is
held back by a lack of awareness of resources, low self-
esteem, or tools with which to work.
Through this project, lessons will be developed, information
will be researched, and tools create which will help open
doors in relation to literacy skills, family literacy, and
skills development. These in turn will go along way in
opening doors in relation to employment and community
development.
She says, "Many learners suffer from a feeling of inferiority
because they cannot do something which seems so basic to the
majority (read and write)- as a result the following comments
are often heard: "I am stupid.""I can't learn.""I am good at
nothing."
She says, "This project was born out of literacy because we
needed simple and concise information." Funding for the project is being provided by the National
Literacy Secretariat.
She goes on to say, "Adult learners learn better when
learning is both fun and relevant. Therefore, the activities
and lessons will be set up in a variety of ways, and lessons
will contain information learners want to learn about. There
will be a wide selection of topics, and areas to choose from
as the kit will contain an extensive variety of lessons and
activities. As the project progresses, the lessons will be
divided into chapters or components being formed into
individual booklets etc."
It is hoped that a number of volunteers and resource people
will have input into this project, thus creating tremendous
resource. All people who become a part of this project will
be acknowledged. The concept behind this project is that the
resources are "out there" people just aren't aware of them;
if they are, they do not have the skills or self-confidence
to tap into them. The proposed project is challenging to say
the least, but with such resources developed and partners who
care, doors really can open!
OPEN DOORS is looking for people to contribute to their
learning resource tool kit. They are looking for stories and
information from learners; materials from instructors and
teachers, samples of work from artists, musicians, poets,
writers and photographers across Nova Scotia. They are
looking for resources from agencies and organizations in
relation to what they have to offer adults, as well as
materials that celebrate the way of life, culture and
industry. All resources and materials received will be
acknowledged. The partners contributing to this project
represent the expertise in various fields and industries, and
developed by licensed teachers.
Please send materials to:
Francene Gillis,
PO Box 132,
Port Hood, Inverness County,
Nova Scotia, B0E 2W0
or call: (902)787-3344
If this project does one thing, it will be to help remove
some of the stigma associated with the low literacy skills;
it will celebrate the strength of individuals and
communities, and create materials of relevancy to them.
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Understanding Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs)
The Debate Over ITQs Is Just Starting. What Are The Major Issues?
One of the issues that took centre stage during the recent fishery protests here in Nova Scotia was the introduction of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in the inshore fixed gear groundfish fishery. This issue, perhaps more than any other, will determine the future shape and out look for Nova Scotia's fishery.
In February and March fishing industry representatives met with DFO to negotiate agreements on a wide range of grievances which were brought to light during a month of protests by fishermen. When it came to reaching agreement on ITQs the best solution that could be found was to delay any final decision for at least a year. The confusion, contradiction and strongly held views of both those in favour and against ITQs probably means that it is going to everyone's satisfaction. It also means there will be a lot of discussion and debate over the next year.
This month we look at ITQs. What are the? How would they change the fishery? Do they work? Who wins and who loses? What does the experience with ITQs introduced elsewhere tell us?
This article is written for general informational purposes and is not intended to take sides on the issue.
What Are ITQs?
ITQs grant individuals the privilege to harvest a share of a resource. In this fish. While Canada will continue to own the overall fish resource, individuals are given rights to harvest a predetermined share of that fish.
ITQs would grant fishing rights (a guaranteed quota) for a specified amount of fish (usually a percentage) to the ITQ owner.
What Does Transferable Mean?
The individual ITQ owner has the right to transfer or sell his/her share of the fish resource to another license holder, usually the one who offers the best price. For example, a license holder may decide to buy several ITQs and accumulate a greater share of the overall catch.
Initially ITQs will be granted to each license holder by DFO. That license holder can then decide what to do with his ITQ, fish it or sell it.
How Would ITQs Change The Fishery?
Presently most fisheries in Nova Scotia operate within a system based upon total allowable catch (TAC) and quotas for specific types of fishing fleets and boats. These rules have evolved over the last 75 years from a wide open system to a system of limited licensing in the late 1960's to today's system of complicated gear, fleet and boat quotas.
Today the fish resource is treated as a common resource for all license holders to share. Based upon individual skill and hard work each fishermen reaps the rewards of their effort. Licensed fishermen compete with one another to catch as much of the fish as possible (usually within some kind of trip limit or quota) before the TAC is exhausted.
Those in favour of ITQs argue that they would eliminate this race for fish since individuals would own guaranteed share of the resource. They would be able to go out and catch their share at any time thy pleased. They would not be forced to try and catch their share before the TAC was used up. Supporters of ITQs say this means that fishermen can fish for dollars rather than pounds of fish.
Those opposed to ITQs say that they will spell the end for the independent fisherman. They contend that small fishermen will get swallowed up (forced to sell their ITQ) by big cooperate groups.
Corporate concentration is seen as a major threat by coastal communities and independent fishermen. Many point to New Zealand as an example of where small boats were retired from fishing when more than 60 percent of the ITQs were bought up by just three large companies.
Those in favour of ITQs are quick to pint out that what really happens when ITQs are introduced is a reduction of over capacity in the fishery. Over capacity has been identified as a problem here in Nova Scotia, especially during the past five years as quotas have been reduced more and more. By consolidating and reducing the fleet ITQ supporters say the fishery is better off.
What Is The Experience With ITQS So Far?
New Zealand, Australia, Iceland, Canada and the United States are the main fishing nations that have introduced some form of ITQs into certain fisheries. In total there are about 23 ITQ programs or variations of them here in Canada. For example, an ITQ program was started for the Halibut fishery in British Columbia in 1991. In Nova Scotia the Inshore Mobile Gear Groundfishery has also had an ITQ program in place since 1991.
There have been a number of reports and studies conducted on ITQ programs around the world. There have also been studies done on Canada's experience with ITQs. In general those studies provide evidence to support both those in favour and those opposed to ITQs.
Those opposed can point to findings that show that the number of independent operators in British Columbia's Halibut fishery have been reduced by one-third. The same studies shows that crew sizes on remaining boats have also been reduced by about 32 percent. Opponents say this is evidence that ITQs threaten the future of small independent fishermen. Supporters say this is simply evidence that ITQs are effective in reducing overcapacity.
Supporters also can point to studies that ITQs encourage fishermen to spread their landings out over the entire year. They can do this because there is no race for fish. This in turn leads to higher quality fish and a better price for that fish.
Supporters also point out that ITQs help to reduce illegal fishing and encourage conservation. They say this is due to the fact that individuals own a share of the resource and they see it in their best interest to look after it and protect it. ITQs are also credited with providing more security for quota owners. Many of those ITQ owners say that they feel better off and more secure about their retirement. The issue of concentration is a major reason why many oppose ITQs. They point out that if control of certain fisheries is concentrated the long term threat of major job loses in small communities grows greater. For example, if a significant portion of quota was acquired by a single individual or corporation and they then decide to sell that holding it is unlikely there would be sufficient capital resources in a small community to buy it and keep it local. If the quota is bought by an outside interest and moved to another community local fish plant workers and boat crews could be left with no fish to process or catch.
Opponents also point out that it is difficult to create a fair system to divide up the initial allocation of quota. They also say that crew shares are reduced under ITQs as efficiency is pushed to maximize the financial return from each ITQ.
Opponents also wonder who will have a say in the future management of the fishery once ITQs are in place. They believe that only those who own an ITQ share will be listened to. They say that the interests of coastal communities will be shut out as will the opinions of many others who have an interest in the future direction of the fishery.
There is evidence that right here in Nova Scotia the introduction of ITQs in the Inshore Mobile Gear Groundfishery has had both positive and negative impacts. For, example, even though there are rules that make it difficult for companies to control too much quota, many have found a way around those rules. They do this by registering licenses to individuals but in reality the control of those licenses is held by a few large companies.
On the other hand studies show that ITQs in Nova Scotia have helped to
increase prices for fish and are generally credited with reducing illegal and unreported fish landings. Opponents point out that these same studies also show that fewer vessels are now landing at fewer ports and are selling to fewer buyers. Clear evidence of concentration they say.
What are the alternatives to ITQs? Some proposals say that individual quotas without the transferability would be an acceptable solution. Others want to refine the current system of fish allocation to protect the independent fisherman.
Fishermen and DFO have agreed to delay the implementation of ITQs for at least
a year. It is not clear at this time what the process will be for engaging
fishermen and communities in the discussion about the future direction
of the fishery. Perhaps mediation will be the key to finding common
ground. What is clear is that the topic of ITQs is going to require
a lot of review and debate during the next few months.
Sentinel Fishery Program Provides Important Information
Fishermen And Scientists Cooperate To Study The Fishery.
By Trudy Fong
Fisheries scientists are getting a clearer picture of fish stocks on the Scotian Shelf because of a new spirit of cooperation, spawned by the Fishermen and Scientists Research Society. The 4VsW Sentinel Fishery Program has trained fishermen participants how to collect data on sample catches, even to collect the ear bones, stomachs, and reproductive organs of fish caught.
Bedford Institute of Oceanography resource assessment biologist Paul Fanning points out that once the fishery was closed, scientists lost a major source of information about fish stocks because there were no longer catches to report. Since that time, various forms of industry surveys have been used to fill this gap.
An added bonus using fishermen and their boats to gather data, is the fact that the survey includes the never-before tested area from the fifty-fathom edge to the ten-fathom edge, an area roughly twelve nautical miles wide. As well BIO's survey vessel is a steam trawler, which captures fish of all sizes in its net. The fishermen used standardized hooks on their longliners which are usually at least five years old, says Fanning. Because of this difference in harvesting fish, the fishermen were able to provide important information on the abundance of market-sized fish.
In the past we were on one wavelength and the scientists were on another wavelength. Fanning emphasizes that information from the BIO ship, and the fishermen's data are integral parts of creating the big picture. "The advantage of using fishermen to gather data is that they were doing it at a time when the BIO boat was not out collecting data." Getting fishermen to help scientists has meant that they have covered a large area: over 29,000 square miles, and gathered more data in six weeks than they had been able to get since the fishery closed in 1992.
Kees Zwanenberg, another BIO resource assessment biologist characterizes the Sentinel survey as a process of 'co-education', not just a case of scientists enlisting fishermen to gather data. "It's been the two groups learning how to communicate with one another." Once the fishery reopens, Zwanenberg expects that this same kind of cooperative information gathering will continue. As for the previously unsurveyed area, "One survey does not anything useful make," he cautions. "You can get some biological information and some interesting bits and pieces, but unless you do it for the next five to ten years, its not going to be as useful as it could be, since you're looking for changes over time."
Results for the first stages of the survey, which involved over a dozen vessels, were released in November. But the numbers gathered only tell half the story.
Seldon Keating is president of the Fishermen and Scientists Research Society. Now that they are partners in the fisheries survey, he says reaching an understanding of scientific method is easier. He explains that, "As commercial fishermen, we looked at it to put a dollar in our pocket." Because of this, landing slips did not accurately reflect the fish stocks. Keating says that if the fishermen and scientist's joint survey effort had started eight or seven years ago, the crisis in the fisheries might have been averted. "There were too many fish gone when they realized it."
In the past, Keating notes, "We were on one wavelength and the scientists were on another wavelength. It caused friction." Donny Baker is another fisherman involved in the survey. He points out that having training followed by a trip with an observer on board ensured that the fishermen understood exactly what the scientists required. "It was no problem to work the bugs out," Baker notes, adding that, "Everybody was pretty well pleased with what went on."
As for the important measure of market-sized fish, and the data on the area from the fifty-fathom edge to the shore, Baker says, "The scientists never had a picture of what's in there outside of what fishermen used to catch." In the past, fishermen could see fish inshore which they could not prove existed. Now with the data they have collected, they have something to back up the claims. The scientists never had a picture of what's in there outside of what the fishermen used to catch. Like Keating, he now wishes the survey had started years ago. "If it had, they would have seen the loss of the fishery coming."
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Coastal Communities News
Acknowledgements
Coastal Communities News is published bi-monthly by the Coastal Communities Network, a non-profit society registered in the province of Nova Scotia.
Coastal Communities News is made possible by the generous efforts of many volunteers, and by financial contributions from Human Resources Development Canada, and by donations and in-kind contributions from the Nova Scotia Department of Education and Culture, as well as from member groups and organizations.
We welcome all articles and submissions, from individuals and groups,
with content in keeping with the role and nature of this magazine. We
reserve the right to edit all submissions. Except where additional credit
has been given, all articles are prepared by the Editor and Editorial
Board.
Join the Coastal Communities Network
The Coastal Communities Network is a volunteer association of organizations
whose mission is to provide a forum to encourage dialogue, share information,
and create strategies and actions that promote the survival and development
of Nova Scotia's coastal and rural communities.
"A Large Voice for Small Communities"
CCN is made up of organizations rooted in Nova Scotia's coastal and
rural communities, and it is the diversity of its membership that gives
it strength. Your organization, and your community, can help CCN determine
its direction and strengthen its voice still further. Join the Coastal
Communities Network today.
How to Become Involved
in the Coastal Communities Network
CCN's strength lies in its membership, which is made up of organizations
rooted in Nova Scotia's coastal communities. The range of member organizations
is very broad, including churches, fish harvester groups, municipalities,
community and regional economic development agencies, unions, universities,
and local community groups. CCN welcomes the participation of any organization
that represents the interests of a coastal community or issue and is interested
in working together with similar groups across the province. Your organization
can become involved in a number of ways:
— by participating in regular monthly meetings of the CCN membership.
These are held in Truro (usually on the first Tuesday of each month),
and allow representatives from member organizations to review what is
happening in coastal communities across the province, plan actions on
issues of common concern, and review progress on CCN-sponsored projects;
— by getting on our mailing list to receive regular copies of
Coastal Communities News. Send us your name and address by mail
or fax, or call us directly;
— by contributing written articles to Coastal Communities
News, and so letting everyone know what's happening in your community;
— by taking part in CCN workshops and information sessions. Special
events like this are held on topics of importance to coastal communities
(for example, community economic development, co- management in the
fishery, etc);
— by inquiring about CCN's resource library, which includes information,
reports, and studies on topics that affect the future and sustainability
of coastal communities.
You may contact us at:
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